At What Age Should A Person Marry?

Here’s a good question: At what age should a person marry? Well, obviously, since each situation is unique, it’s impossible to come up with a “one size fits all” age. But what I want to do with this post is present a Bible case that people getting married as teenagers can be a good thing.

Let me start by quoting Proverbs 5:18-19, which says:

Let your fountain be blessed, and rejoice with the wife of your youth. As a loving deer and a graceful doe, let her breasts satisfy you at all times; and always be enraptured with her love.

Notice that the man’s wife is specifically described as the wife of his “youth.” We find this same idea in Proverbs 2:17, which describes the immoral adulteress in this way:

Who forsakes the companion of her youth, and forgets the covenant of her God.

The “covenant of her God” refers to the marriage covenant the woman once entered. Notice that she entered into that covenant with “the companion of her youth.” The picture is one of a young couple getting married and the woman cheating on the man sometime when they get older.

Truth be told, it is a simple fact that in Bible times people got married when they were relatively young, typically when they were teenagers. This was especially true for Jewish girls. Since there are no Bible instances of children getting married, there’s no need to get all weird here and take the age down too low.

And now let me give you three practical reasons why I believe that getting married in one’s later teens can be a good thing. Actually, I didn’t even get these from the Bible. They are just real-life facts that back up what the Bible teaches about getting married young.

Reason #1: It is a biological fact that when a young man or woman hits the teenage years, the urge to have sex increases.

I ask you, would God wire us this way and then expect us to resist that urge until we are married at 25 or 30 or whatever? It seems to me that the way He has designed our bodies points to Him being in favor of us getting married relatively young.

Reason #2: The whole idea of sowing your wild oats, getting drunk with your friends, laying out all night, carousing around, and acting like a typical early-twenty-something certainly takes a major hit if you’re married.

Imagine the following conversation:

“Hey, it’s Friday night, let’s go bar-hopping.” “I can’t, me and the wife are headed to Bed, Bath, and Beyond to pick out a shower curtain.”

Or this one:

“Hey, it’s ladies night at the club. Can you go with us?” No, my husband will be home soon and I’ve got to cook some dinner for him.”

Do you see what I mean?

Reason #3: Physically speaking, raising children is a game best played when your body is younger.

When Tonya and I got married, I was 27 and she was 25. When Ryan was born, I was 30 and she was 28. When Royce was born, I was 34 and she was 32. So now Ryan is almost 14, Royce is 10, and I am 44. That means that I speak with some authority when I say that kids and the infinite list of things that you have to do for them absolutely wear you down.

I held up pretty good until I hit 40. That’s when I fell apart physically. And yet I’m far from out of the woods on this raising kids thing. Right now I’m coaching Royce’s baseball team of 9 and 10 year olds. I’m lugging all that equipment in and out of my car. I’m hitting ground balls in practice. I’m crouching down in that catcher’s position to warm up my pitchers. Needless to say, when I get home after a game or a practice, I am done for the day.

The fact is that Tonya and I have often talked about how it would have been better if we’d gotten married when we were younger and been physically younger as we raised our kids. Honestly, if we had our lives to live over again, and we could go back and fix our sins and mistakes (which cost us several years), I think we would get married right out of high school and go to college as a married couple. We dated a lot in high school, and we both know now that it was always God’s will for us to marry each other. So we could have done that right after graduation and then gone to college together.

Someone says, “But Russell, you’ve got a good marriage. How could things have worked out any better than they did?” Are you kidding? The years of my late teens and early twenties were filled with sin and mistakes. Trust me, I’m still feeling the scars those years left on my soul. As a matter of fact, I actually know one couple who did get married right after high school and attend college as husband and wife. They’ve been married for many years now, have kids, hold down solid jobs, and seem perfectly happy and contented. Just think about all the temptations that come with college life, temptations that could be pretty much defanged if you were married.

Now, in closing, there is one last thing that I need to say on this subject. And please hear me well on this: Getting married young doesn’t magically preserve your marriage and mean that you will never get divorced. I hope you understand that if you want your marriage to work the way God intends, you have to make Him the center of it. That applies whether you get married at age 18 or age 98. My whole point with this post has been that the idea of entering into the marriage covenant with the companion of your youth is indeed Biblical. No, it’s not the average mindset in American culture, but that doesn’t automatically make it wrong. To the contrary, with the way America stands spiritually these days, not to mention our high divorce rate and scores of troubled marriages, how can we possibly say that our way is better than the way the Bible describes?

Summer Vacation

It’s Memorial Day, and I want to wish each of you a great holiday. Let me also encourage you to spend some time thinking about the reason for this holiday. The freedoms we enjoy in this country have never come cheap and still don’t. Thousands upon thousands of American soldiers have paid the ultimate price to keep those freedoms in place. Please don’t let their sacrifice get completely lost in all the vacations, barbecues, picnics, etc.

As you know, Memorial Day serves as the unofficial opening of summer, just as Labor Day serves as the unofficial closing. In my county, though, it isn’t so cut and dried because our kids never get Memorial Day off from school. Between all the snow days for which our school schedule has to account, as well as various other factors, the holiday always falls in the last week of the school year. I guess our local officials feel that’s just too close to the end to take a day off. So Memorial Day becomes just another school day. Our real “summer” starts this Friday when the school-bell rings for the last time.

If everything goes off as planned, it will be a typically busy summer for me, Tonya, and the boys. Right now I have a couple more weeks coaching Royce’s recreation- league baseball team for the 9 and 10 year olds. The past couple of summers he has played on our county’s all-star team during June and July, but he will be tackling something different this summer. He got a set of jr. golf clubs last Christmas, and he’s going to try his hand at that sport. Sometime in June he’ll get a week’s worth of individualized instruction from the assistant pro at our local public course, and then he’ll attend their golf camp in July. Tonya’s dad Charles was once an excellent golfer and he says that Royce is a natural for the sport. We’ll see. Thus far all my memories of the boy holding a golf club involve me trying to manage him as he persistently ran three or four holes ahead of us on putt-putt courses when he was younger.

As for Ryan, he’ll be playing baseball with a team out of Asheville, which is about an hour away from where we live. He’ll also be attending three days of basketball camp at Clemson with some of our county’s other rising freshman. And let’s not forget about football. Since he’ll be playing on the j.v. team this fall, he has to attend two-hour workouts at the high school on Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday all summer. It’s a good thing we live only ten minutes from the school.

In addition to all this, in July we plan to drive down to Myrtle Beach, S.C. for a family vacation. We’re looking forward to that. By then I’m sure that we will need a vacation from the boys’ summer vacation. I have no doubt that when I’m older I’ll look back on these days fondly and remember them as good times, but right now they just seem like a lot of time, energy, gas, and money.

Someone asks, “And where is the Lord in all this?” Oh, trust me, He’s right there. Tonya and I really do make a point of praying about summer plans, potential vacation trips, what activities to let the boys pursue, etc. And as best I can tell as of this morning’s prayer, we are smack dab on God’s schedule and itinerary. So, we’ll get on His summer train and try to enjoy all the scenery and blessings of the ride. After all, the boys are only young once and we only get one shot at raising them. I just wish that summer “vacation” involved a lot less doing and a lot more resting.

Learning To Really Appreciate the Moment

The following quote is attributed to “Anonymous”:

First I was dying to finish high school and start college. And then I was dying to finish college and start working. And then I was dying to marry and have children to grow old enough so I could return to work. And then I was dying to retire. And now I am dying…..and suddenly I realize I forgot to live.

As I read those words, I almost feel the need to start sorting through my old sermons, blogs, and articles to make sure that I’m not “Anonymous.” Trust me, that sounds exactly like something that I would say. Sometimes it seems like I spend every day of my life dying to get to the next phase.

There are so many personal examples that I could name here, but I’ll go with the sports “career” of my ten-year-old, Royce. Right now I’m coaching his rec. league baseball team. Even though we are only three games into a little ten-game season, I’m already in countdown mode. Of course, we already have the form to sign him up for football this fall. And no sooner will that sport begin than I will want it completed too. Then will come basketball, which will be same song, third verse. On and on it goes.

Honestly, I have to MAKE myself stop and smell the roses concerning Royce’s ballplaying. When he does something good on the field or court, if I’m not careful I’ll let it get washed away by my impatience. That’s something that I CAN’T LET HAPPEN. I must join him in the moment so we can genuinely have it together. If he makes a great play to get the first out for our defense, I can’t be standing in the dugout thinking, “Okay, only two more outs and this inning is over, three more innings and this game is over, and four more games and this season is over.”

But Anonymous and I aren’t the only people who struggle in this area, are we? Could it be that you are on the list too? Be honest, right now are you dying for something to be over? Are you currently spending far too much time wishing this day, this week, this month, this year, or this “season” was over? Do you really think that whatever that next phase is will find you operating any differently? Speaking from personal experience, I doubt it will.

I have a friend who has a very annoying habit. Whenever you are talking with him, he spends most of the time looking over you to see who else he can spot. (By the way, that’s a problem short people like myself don’t have.) Seriously, even as he is in mid-sentence, he rarely makes eye contact with me. Instead his eyes scan the horizon, looking for his next encounter or conversation. Frankly, I always find that incredibly rude, even though I’ve never told him.

But as I think about it, that’s pretty much how I treat God concerning the various seasons of my life. Here He is, wanting me to join Him in enjoying a particular time or moment, but all I can do is be on the lookout for the next thing. He says, “Wait, there are lessons that I want you to learn right here. There are good memories that I want you to make. There is simple pleasure to be found in the here and now.” But my response is simply, “When do we move on, Lord? Out there is where the good stuff is.” Sound familiar? If it does, I want you to do something for me: Go to God in prayer right now and ask Him to help you appreciate each day and each season for all the wonder it holds. I’ll be taking that good advice myself now that I’m finished with this post.

A Great Lesson For Your Kids

Toward the end of General Robert E. Lee’s historic life, he attended the christening of a friend’s son. The mother asked the aged leader to offer some words that would help guide the child into true manhood. But Lee’s answer probably wasn’t what she wanted to hear. He said simply, “Teach him to deny himself.”

Bruce Catton, a Pulitzer Prize winning journalist and Civil War historian, wrote the following about Lee’s words of wisdom:

To deny himself…..Unexpected words, coming from a great soldier? One wonders how the young mother felt, hearing them. Even more, one wonders how this advice would strike the average parent of today.

We don’t emphasize self-denial very much these days, either for our children or for ourselves. Instead, we concentrate on our wants. We seem to have the notion that the world owes us all manner of good things, and we feel abused when we don’t get them. Self-discipline is a bore; and as a result, we are perilously close to winning an unwelcome fame as a land known for its spoiled children and discontented adults.

To learn to get along without, to realize that what the world is going to demand of us may be a good deal more important than what we are entitled to demand of it – this is a hard lesson. We have not been working very hard at it in recent years. Instead, we have developed a moral and intellectual flabbiness that could be fatal to us as individuals and as a nation.

For the world itself is really no easier now than it was in General Lee’s time. It offers rich opportunities; but above everything else, it offers a struggle, a struggle that will never be won by the self-indulgent. More than anything else, we need to relearn General Lee’s lesson.

To deny ourselves…That we may miss a good many of the nice, easy things that it is so pleasant to have. But we end up serving something bigger than ourselves. We can finish by attaining greatness.

If Catton’s words sound like they have a Biblical scent to them, there’s probably a reason for that. His father was a minister. And I can’t help but suspect that Catton knew the words of Jesus:

…whoever desires to become great among you, let him be your servant. And whoever desires to be first among you, let him be your slave – just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many. (Matthew 20:26-28)

Happy Birthday, Mom

Today is my mother’s birthday, and I’d like to use this post to recall just one of the fond memories that I have of her. Please understand that I could also speak of innumerable meals prepared, loads of laundry done, beds made, appointments kept, trips to church, Christmas and birthday presents, and whatever else it took to get me raised. But writing about all that would take the rest of my life and would turn into an encyclopedia set. So, instead, I’ll just run with this one memory.

Back in the day, at my middle school, shorts were still pretty taboo. There was no written rule against wearing them, but everybody usually wore pants no matter how hot it was. I realize that things are different now. My two sons wear shorts to school half the year. But this was the late 1970s and I’m merely telling you how it was.

Anyway, one spring day I decided, for whatever reason, to become a trendsetter and boldly wear a pair of shorts to school. Even as I write these words I can’t explain to you what possessed me to step out of the herd. Call it a temporary lapse of sanity. So off I went to school, wearing a nice pair of shorts, no doubt showing legs white enough to blind someone.

Well, once I arrived at school and began to mix and mingle, it didn’t take me long to realize that I had messed up. My fellow classmates weren’t brutal, but a few little remarks were certainly made. Mainly, however, my embarrassment came from within. Of course, that didn’t make it any less real. Needless to say, after a couple of hours I was ready to go find some pants.

This is where my mother comes into the story. Fortunately for me, she worked in the Clerk of Courts office right up the street from the school. So I went down to the school office, called her, and told her to come get me. I didn’t know how she would respond, but I was very grateful when she picked me up within minutes. She took me home, where I changed into a pair of my favorite jeans. Then she took me back to school and I had a much better afternoon than morning.

I don’t know why, but as I thought about today being her birthday that experience came to my mind. You know, it was one of those deals for which a parent never hears, “Thank you,” but the kid never forgets the love and kindness. So, as a birthday present to you mom, I say a long overdue, “Thank you,” not just for bailing me out that day but also for the countless other acts of loving kindness over my forty-four years on this earth. I know that this coming Sunday is Mother’s Day, and that’s the day normally set aside for talk such as this, but I thought you might enjoy this as a birthday present. I love you. And never doubt that I do remember all the good stuff.

Wilted Roses

A Sunday School teacher asked young Mary to believe in Jesus as Savior. Mary answered, “No, I don’t want to become a Christian right now. I’m young. I want to have a good time. When I get old, then I’ll become a Christian.”

Several days later Mary received a box of roses from the teacher. But when she opened the box she was disappointed to find that the roses were all wilted. When she tried to lift them from the box, their petals all fell off. This angered Mary greatly, as she thought, “My teacher shouldn’t be sending me old, wilted roses.” Later on, however, she decided to give the teacher the benefit of the doubt. Surely the flowers had been ordered several days earlier and were supposed to have been delivered promptly. There must have been a mix up with the florist.

Well, that afternoon the teacher came to Mary’s house and invited her to go for a ride. During the ride, the teacher asked, “Mary, did you receive the roses I sent you today?” Somewhat astonished, Mary replied, “Oh, then you did send them today. Why did you send me old, wilted roses?” The teacher said, “I did it because I thought that was the kind of gift you like.” Mary asked, “What made you think such a thing?” “Because,” said the teacher, “when I asked you to believe in Jesus as your Savior you said you wouldn’t do it while you were young. You would wait until you are old.”

Mary was silent for a moment, but then her face lightened. She said, “I see now. It’s wrong for me to wait until I’m old and wilted to give myself to Jesus. I should believe in Him as Savior right now and devote the rest of my life to living for Him.” And that’s exactly what she did.

Remember now your Creator in the days of your youth, before the difficult days come, and the years draw near when you say, “I have no pleasure in them.” (Ecclesiastes 12:1)

The One Requirement Even The Christian Must Meet For Prayer

Okay, this week I’ve been doing some posting on the subject of prayer. Here’s one last word. Did you know there is one requirement that even the Christian must meet to ensure that God will hear his prayer? As you read the following passages, see if you can spot it:

If I regard iniquity in my heart, The Lord will not hear. (Psalm 66:18)

One who turns away his ear from hearing the law, Even his prayer is an abomination. (Proverbs 28:9)

Then they will cry to the Lord, But He will not hear them; He will even hide His face from them at that time, Because they have been evil in their deeds. (Micah 3:4)

But your iniquities have separated you from your God; And your sins have hidden His face from you, So that He will not hear. (Isaiah 59:2)

For the eyes of the Lord are on the righteous, And His ears are open to their prayers; But the face of the Lord is against those who do evil. (1 Peter 3:12)

The requirement jumps right out at you, doesn’t it? Even if you are a Christian, the only way to guarantee that God will hear your prayers is to live a life of personal holiness. I’m not talking about some unattainable sinless perfection. That isn’t possible for born sinners such as us. But I am talking about making the confession of sins and the actual repentance of them integral parts of your walk with Christ.

I’ve known some Christian singles who chose to live with members of the opposite sex rather than get married. I’ve known other Christians who frequently got drunk on alcohol or high on drugs. I’ve known others who consistently conducted themselves in other sinful ways. Concerning these Christians, I’ve asked myself, “Is God even hearing their prayers?” Based upon the passages that I gave earlier, a solid case can be made to answer, “No, He’s not.”

I’m not trying to play the role of “Prayer Czar” here. God is God, and He can choose to hear any prayer that He wants to hear, regardless of how the person is living. But if His word means what it says, He has to draw some lines of division between the prayers of Christians who are trying to live right and the prayers of those who aren’t.

If this seems harsh, let me offer an illustration to help you better understand. Let’s say that a father has a son whose life is dominated by a lust for money and possessions. The young man wants everything the “good” life has to offer, even if it means bending a few rules or breaking a few laws to get it. Time and time again the father begs him to reprioritize his life and repent of his sins, but the son refuses.

Finally, with a broken heart, the Father says, “Son, I’ve tried to help you, but I‘ve grown to realize that you are dead set in your course. The only play I have left is to separate myself from you and let you hit rock bottom. You are still my child, and I will always love you, but there comes a time when love must be tough. Don’t call me, write me, or come see me again until you have changed your ways.”

Several months later, the son gets caught embezzling from his company. Not only does he lose his job, but if he doesn’t repay the thousands of dollars he stole, he’ll be formally charged and sent to jail. He goes to see his father and says, “Dad, I’m in trouble. I owe my former company a lot of money that I don’t have. If I can’t pay it, I’ll end up in jail. Will you help me?”

How do you think that father will respond? If He responds as God does, everything will hinge upon whether or not he sees true repentance in the son. If the young man is obviously broken and ready to live a different kind of life, the father will do whatever it takes (empty his savings, take out a loan, mortgage his house) to pay the son’s debt and keep him out of jail. But if it’s clear that the young man is just a somewhat less cocky version of his same old self, complete with the same priorities, attitude, and immoral streak, the father will remain staunch in his tough love and refuse to hear the son.

And the thing about God is that He always renders the correct verdict in regards to whether or not He will hear His child’s prayer. He knows the child’s situation before the child ever prays. He knows if repentance is on display. He knows if there is sincerity in the heart. Therefore, when He says either, “I’ll hear your prayer and help you” or “I won’t even hear your prayer,” His choice is the appropriate one.

Does God Hear the Prayers of Lost People (part 3, last one)

The New Testament stories of Cornelius (Acts 10:1-48) and the tax collector (Luke 18:9-14) shouldn’t surprise us because the fact is, even in the Old Testament we find examples of God responding to the cries of repentant lost people. Israel’s wicked king Ahab probably didn’t get saved, but God did grant him a degree of mercy after he humbled himself before the Lord (1 Kings 21:17-29). God did the same for the citizens of Nineveh after they fasted, put on sackcloth, and repented of their sins (Jonah 3:1-10).

One Old Testament character who we can say with some certainty did get saved was Manasseh, Judah’s most notorious king. His sins were so great that God caused the Assyrians to capture him as a prisoner of war. They put a hook in his nose, bound him with bronze shackles, and transported him to Babylon (2 Chronicles 33:10-11). There in captivity, he humbled himself before God and prayed (v.12-13). And did God hear his prayers? Yes. 2 Chronicles 33:13 says that God “received his entreaty, heard his supplication, and brought him back to Jerusalem into his kingdom.” Manasseh then evidenced his newfound salvation by removing all the false idols from Jerusalem, repairing the altar of the Lord, offering up sacrifices, and commanding all Judah to serve the Lord God (2 Chronicles 33:15-16).

In addition to the passages in which God hears the prayers of lost people, there are some other passages that speak of His general hearing of all of mankind. Consider the following verses:

For He hears the cry of the afflicted. (Job 34:28)

For You, Lord, are good, and ready to forgive, And abundant in mercy to all those who call upon You. (Psalm 86:5)

He makes His sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust. (Matthew 5:45)

Oh, and here’s something else to consider in this whole debate: the prayers of children who are under the age of accountability. Are we going to say that God doesn’t hear those prayers simply because those kids aren’t old enough to understand what it is to be “born again”? Is every child who prays the words, “Now I lay me down to sleep…” just mouthing meaningless words? Do the words “God is great, God is good, let us thank Him for our food…” fall on deaf ears? You see, when you get dogmatic and say, “God only hears the prayers of born-again Christians,” you take in more territory than you realize. Are you prepared to take in such a colossal territory? I’m not.

So, where does all this leave us? Well, it leaves me with four statements. By heeding each of these, I feel that we can keep a God-approved balance on this whole subject.

1. It is undeniable that only a born-again Christian can pray in God’s ideal way.

2. Since God the Father is completely sovereign over all creation, He can choose to hear prayers even if they aren’t prayed by born-again Christians.

3. Whether the individual be a lost person or a child under the age of accountability, God will choose to hear the prayer of one who is genuinely seeking Him in a humble, especially repentant, way.

4. Even with the first three statements in mind, we would be foolish to emphasize the exceptions over the rule, and the rule is: By and large, prayer is the privilege of the person who has a relationship with God through Jesus Christ.

The Third Suit

Here’s a story that plays off my previous post about the original Sunday Schools. In one of Scotland’s manufacturing towns, a young lady applied to the superintendent of a Sunday School and asked for a class. He advised her to get a group of poor boys together and bring them to his house. There he would give each of them a new suit of clothes. The young lady agreed, and each boy was fitted out nicely.

The worst behaving of the boys was a kid named Bob. He showed up for the first couple of Sundays, but then he dropped out. To her credit, the young woman went and found him, but by then his new clothes were torn and dirty. Nevertheless, she invited him back to school and he came. The superintendent even gave him a new suit of clothes.

But history repeated itself when, after a couple of Sundays, Bob dropped out again. Ever the persistent teacher, the young lady went out and found him again. Of course, by then he had ruined that second suit of clothes.

Utterly frustrated, the teacher went to her superintendent and told him that, regretfully, she was giving up on Bob. But the superintendent said, “Please don’t do that. I’m still hoping there is something good in the boy. Try him once more. I’ll give him a third suit if he’ll promise to attend Sunday School regularly.”

Well, Bob did promise, and he did receive that third suit. What’s more, this time Bob attended faithfully and eventually accepted Jesus Christ as his Savior. He joined the church, was made a teacher, and studied for the ministry. In the end, troubled little Bob went on to become Robert Morrison, the missionary to China who translated the Bible into the Chinese language.

Tell me, do you have a “Bob” in your life? Do you have someone you’ve been trying to help but their response has you completely frustrated and discouraged? Try them again. Sometimes a third suit is the one that makes the difference.

Sunday School

Most people don’t know that the Sunday Schools of today’s churches bear little resemblance to the original Sunday Schools of England’s late 1700s. Those schools were quite literally places of basic education where poor children could learn to read and write. You see, in that day England did not have what we now think of as state education. Therefore, it was typically only the richer class who could afford to educate their children. That was done by means of hired governesses, private tutors, and boarding schools. Poor children were usually left to either take the low pay and long hours (as much as 13 or 14 hours a day) of factory work or some other form of low-level, menial labor.

While there is some debate as to when and where the first Sunday School opened, there is no doubt that Robert Raikes became the man most closely associated with the movement. He was the editor of the Gloucester Journal, and he saw Sunday Schools as a way of keeping the children of poor families from gravitating toward lives of crime. His Sunday Schools began by meeting in homes, and he promoted the work through his newpaper.

As the term implies, the schools met each week on Sunday. Why that day? It was the only day the factories didn’t work, which made it the day children got into the most trouble playing in the streets, being loud and rowdy, and just generally creating disturbances. Raikes used the Bible as a textbook to teach the children to read and write.

Within just a few short years, the Sunday School movement exploded throughout England as approximately 250,000 children were attending schools. It wasn’t long before the various religious denominations began to open their own schools, and by the 1830s attendance in Sunday Schools had grown to over one million. Not only did the schools teach the children to read and write, they also provided them with new clothes to wear on Sunday as well as basic instruction in matters of morality and cleanliness. Discipline was handed out for offenses such as cussing, lying, and other forms of inappropriate behavior. For the record, the first Sunday School in the United States was opened in the 1790s by Samuel Slater in his textile mills in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

Over the century that followed, child labor laws and the beginnings of compulsary state educational systems eliminated the primary needs for which the Sunday School movement had begun. This allowed Sunday Schools to turn their focus exclusively toward religious indoctrination and become the Sunday Schools we know today. It’s interesting that arguably the greatest impact the Sunday School movement made on society was that it was successful enough to cause society to put the schools out of their original business.

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